This is a simple Arduino sketch that can play various melodies . It can be used for fun as a toy. The melodies are changed by pressing a pushbutton. You can easily add new melodies, if you know the notes.
In all examples that I found, while a note is playing, the Arduino waits and does nothing else, so a switch would not work. In this sketch the note is played asynchronously so that the Arduino is able to read the switch.
sound.ino
/*
* Melodies
*
* ---------
*
* A program that plays various melodies and changes them when you press a switch.
* Press the switch once to start the first melody. Press again to change the melody.
* You can add more melodies.
*
* CIRCUIT:
* 32ohm SPEAKER or a piezo on digital pin 2 with the other end connected to ground (in sequence with a resistor from 90ohm to 500ohm to limit the current)
* PUSHBUTTON on digital pin 4 with the other end connected to +5V
* 10KOhm or bigger pullldown RESISTOR from digirtal pin 4 to ground (to make pin 4 read zero when the button is unpressed)
*
* Author: Boyan Yankov
*/
#include "pitches.h"
//the pin that the speaker is attached to
const int speakerPin = 2;
const int buttonPin = 4; // the number of the pushbutton pin
int buttonState = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
int lastState = 0; // the previous switch state
int effectMode = 1; // the mode of the sound effect
const int effectModeMax = 3; // the number of supported effects
int thisNote = 0; // the current note playing
int noteDuration = 0; // duration of the current note
int pauseBetweenNotes = 0; // pause between the current and the next note to distinguish them
unsigned long time = 0; // the time passed since the start of the script
unsigned long timeLastNoteStart = 0;// the time that the last note started playing
//define the sound effects (melodies) here:
//Melody 1 - Marry Had a Little Lamb
// notes in the melody (see notes.h)
int melody1[] = {
NOTE_E3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3,
NOTE_D3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3,
NOTE_E3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3,
NOTE_D3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_C3,
};
// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc.:
int noteDurations1[] = {
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2,
4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2,
4, 4, 2, 4, 4, 2,
};
//Melody 2 - The Itsy Bitsy Spider
// notes in the melody (see notes.h)
int melody2[] = {
NOTE_G2, NOTE_C3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3,
NOTE_E3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_C3, 0,
NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_F3, NOTE_G3,
NOTE_G3, NOTE_F3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_F3, NOTE_G3, NOTE_E3, 0,
NOTE_C3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3,
NOTE_E3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_C3, 0,
NOTE_G2, NOTE_G2, NOTE_C3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_E3,
NOTE_E3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_C3, NOTE_D3, NOTE_E3, NOTE_C3, 0,
};
// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc.:
int noteDurations2[] = {
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2,
2, 4, 4, 2,
2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2,
2, 4, 4, 2,
2, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2,
4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2,
};
void setup() {
// initialize the speaker pin as an output:
pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT);
// initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
// read the state of the pushbutton value:
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
// handle pushbutton press
if (buttonState != lastState) {
if (buttonState == HIGH){
//change the effect
effectMode ++;
//reset the sound effect
thisNote = 0;
noteDuration = 0;
if (effectMode > effectModeMax)
effectMode = 1;
}
//remember the switch state
lastState = buttonState;
//pause for button switching stability
delay(100);
}
//play and change the melodies
switch (effectMode){
case 1:
// default, no melody
// stop the tone playing:
noTone(speakerPin);
break;
case 2:
// melody 1
playMelody(melody1, noteDurations1, sizeof(melody1)/sizeof(int));
break;
case 3:
// melody 2
playMelody(melody2, noteDurations2, sizeof(melody2)/sizeof(int));
break;
}
}
void playMelody(int melody[], int noteDurations[], int melodyLength){
//get the current time
time = millis();
//check if this is the first note or if we have to change the note
if (timeLastNoteStart == 0 || time >= timeLastNoteStart + noteDuration){
//stop playing the last note
noTone(speakerPin);
//change to the next note if the pause between the notes has ended
if (time >= timeLastNoteStart + noteDuration + pauseBetweenNotes){
//set the duration of the current note
noteDuration = calculateNoteDuration(noteDurations[thisNote]);
// to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
// 20% of the note's duration seems to work well:
pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 0.2;
//set the time for the current note
timeLastNoteStart = time;
//start playing the note
if (melody[thisNote] != 0){
//play an actual the note
tone(speakerPin, melody[thisNote]);
} else {
//play a pause
noTone(speakerPin);
}
//continue to the next note
thisNote++;
if (thisNote > (melodyLength)-1){
//end of melody reached - replay
thisNote = 0;
}
}
}
}
int calculateNoteDuration(int noteType){
// to calculate the note duration, take one second
// divided by the note type.
//e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
return 1000/noteType;
}
pitches.h:
/************************************************* * Public Constants *************************************************/ #define NOTE_B0 31 #define NOTE_C1 33 #define NOTE_CS1 35 #define NOTE_D1 37 #define NOTE_DS1 39 #define NOTE_E1 41 #define NOTE_F1 44 #define NOTE_FS1 46 #define NOTE_G1 49 #define NOTE_GS1 52 #define NOTE_A1 55 #define NOTE_AS1 58 #define NOTE_B1 62 #define NOTE_C2 65 #define NOTE_CS2 69 #define NOTE_D2 73 #define NOTE_DS2 78 #define NOTE_E2 82 #define NOTE_F2 87 #define NOTE_FS2 93 #define NOTE_G2 98 #define NOTE_GS2 104 #define NOTE_A2 110 #define NOTE_AS2 117 #define NOTE_B2 123 #define NOTE_C3 131 #define NOTE_CS3 139 #define NOTE_D3 147 #define NOTE_DS3 156 #define NOTE_E3 165 #define NOTE_F3 175 #define NOTE_FS3 185 #define NOTE_G3 196 #define NOTE_GS3 208 #define NOTE_A3 220 #define NOTE_AS3 233 #define NOTE_B3 247 #define NOTE_C4 262 #define NOTE_CS4 277 #define NOTE_D4 294 #define NOTE_DS4 311 #define NOTE_E4 330 #define NOTE_F4 349 #define NOTE_FS4 370 #define NOTE_G4 392 #define NOTE_GS4 415 #define NOTE_A4 440 #define NOTE_AS4 466 #define NOTE_B4 494 #define NOTE_C5 523 #define NOTE_CS5 554 #define NOTE_D5 587 #define NOTE_DS5 622 #define NOTE_E5 659 #define NOTE_F5 698 #define NOTE_FS5 740 #define NOTE_G5 784 #define NOTE_GS5 831 #define NOTE_A5 880 #define NOTE_AS5 932 #define NOTE_B5 988 #define NOTE_C6 1047 #define NOTE_CS6 1109 #define NOTE_D6 1175 #define NOTE_DS6 1245 #define NOTE_E6 1319 #define NOTE_F6 1397 #define NOTE_FS6 1480 #define NOTE_G6 1568 #define NOTE_GS6 1661 #define NOTE_A6 1760 #define NOTE_AS6 1865 #define NOTE_B6 1976 #define NOTE_C7 2093 #define NOTE_CS7 2217 #define NOTE_D7 2349 #define NOTE_DS7 2489 #define NOTE_E7 2637 #define NOTE_F7 2794 #define NOTE_FS7 2960 #define NOTE_G7 3136 #define NOTE_GS7 3322 #define NOTE_A7 3520 #define NOTE_AS7 3729 #define NOTE_B7 3951 #define NOTE_C8 4186 #define NOTE_CS8 4435 #define NOTE_D8 4699 #define NOTE_DS8 4978
This sketch is based on the official example for playing a single simple melody. Read it and give it a try it first, if you have troubles running the code or assembling the scheme.